Transmission of Lyme Disease - 569 Words

Lyme disease begins with a bite from an infected tick. It is the most common tick-borne disease within the United States (Wadsworth Center, n.d.). The causative agent of Lyme disease is Borrelia burgdorferi. This pathogen is a spirochete with endoflagella, an outer membrane with LPS-like substance, an inner membrane and a periplasmic space which contains a layer of peptidoglycan (Tilly, Rosa, Stewart, 2009). As stated before, it is transmitted via a bite from an infected tick. There are two main species of ticks, Ixodes scapularis, the blacklegged tick, and Ixodes pacificus, the western blacklegged tick. Ixodes scapularis is mainly found in the northeastern, mid-Atlantic, and north central United States while Ixodes pacificus is found on the Pacific coast of the US (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2013). The most common reservoirs of these ticks are the white tailed deer and the white footed mouse (Wadsworth Center, n.d.). Ticks must be attached and feeding for thirty-six to forty-eight hours to transmit Lyme disease (Mayo Clinic, 2012). Although adult ticks can transmit Borrelia burgdorferi, most people infected are bitten by nymphs, immature ticks. Both females and males of any age are susceptible to being bitten by ticks, however, it is found that children ages zero to fourteen and adults ages thirty and above have the highest numbers of infection. (CDC, 2013) Borrelia burgdorferi is brought in through the tick bite to the bloodstream. From there, itShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Lyme Disease On The Geographical Distribution And Transmission Of The Disease1146 Words   |  5 PagesCenter of Disease Control and Prevention show that there are approximately 300,000 cases of Lyme Disease reported in the United States annually (CDC, 2016). The above data categorizes Lyme Disease as the number one animal carried and vector-borne disease. Vector is a term used to describe a living organism able to carry a nd spread an infectious disease from either animal to human or human to human (WHO, 2016). Surprisingly, it was not until 1982 that the CDC placed Lyme as an official disease categoryRead MoreElizabeth Althouse. Module 7 Assignment. Influenzapertussislyme1099 Words   |  5 PagesElizabeth Althouse Module 7 Assignment Influenza Pertussis Lyme Disease Disease is limited to humans, i.e. no animal reservoir? No. Depending on the type of Influenza it can be found in pigs, birds, whales, horses, seals and cats (â€Å"Transmission of,† 2017). Yes, Pertussis is a disease that is only found in humans which is transferred by body fluids (â€Å"Causes and Transmission,† 2015). 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The etiology of Lyme disease was found to be a spirochete inRead MoreLyme Disease Is A Disease1286 Words   |  6 PagesLyme Disease Lyme’s disease is a disease that is transmitted to humans when an infected tick bites the human’s skin. According to Lymedisease.org, â€Å"Symptoms of early Lyme disease may present as a flu-like illness (fever, chills, sweats, muscle aches, fatigue, nausea and joint pain). Some patients have a rash or Bell’s palsy (facial drooping). However, although a rash shaped like a bull’s-eye is considered characteristic of Lyme disease, many people develop a different kind of Lyme rash or none atRead MoreDisease Control And Prevention Starting Reporting Lyme Disease1576 Words   |  7 PagesCenters for Disease Control and Prevention starting reporting Lyme disease as a reportable disease in 1991 it has been the most commonly reported vector-borne illness is the United States1. It should be noted that Lyme disease does not occur everywhere in the US, and is heavily concentrated in upper Midwest and northeast United States1. This report has been compiled to provi de recommendations for prophylactic treatment of Lyme disease once a patient encounters a tick bite. Lyme disease is caused byRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Lyme Disease1710 Words   |  7 PagesaIntroduction Lyme disease has been the most commonly reported vector-borne illness in the United States since the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention started reporting it in 19911. It should be noted that Lyme disease does not occur everywhere in the US, and is heavily concentrated in upper Midwest and northeast United States1. This report has been compiled to provide recommendations for antimicrobial prophylactic treatment of Lyme disease once a patient encounters a tick bite. 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Should Pietermaritzburg Have A Methane Plant Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(217) " Pietermaritzburg Golf Club New England Road Landfill Site N3 Highway Figure 2: Size and Positioning of the New England Landfill Site Google Maps: New England Rd Pietermaritzburg: hypertext transfer protocol: //maps\." The direction and disposal of waste has become an progressively outstanding job in Pietermaritzburg over the last few old ages. There has been an addition in the sum of waste that is disposed of and the direction of Pietermaritzburg ‘s New England Road Landfill Site has been a subject of treatment and argument for the local occupants and those who make usage of the site ‘s installations. My research undertaking revolves around how and if it would be possible to better this site concentrating chiefly on the execution of a Methane works as this is the following measure that landfill sites around the universe have taken in order to do the landfill more efficient and good. We will write a custom essay sample on Should Pietermaritzburg Have A Methane Plant Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now This gas to electricity program falls under the Clean Development Mechanism ( CDM ) Undertaking. 1. METHOD OF GAS-TO-ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION Procedure of change overing gas to electricity Landfill gas, LFG, ( dwelling of 50 % Methane ) is produced when the waste in the landfill decomposes and interrupt down under anaerobiotic conditions. The gas is so collected in belowground pipes which are built into the landfill as portion of the Methane works undertaking The gas is so stored This stored gas is illuminated and used to make electricity by powering turbines that turn when as a consequence of steam, from the H2O heated by the gas The excess and unneeded gas is flared in order to extinguish it The electricity can so be sold in order to power residential countries, industrial procedures and even transport systems Figure 1: Landfill gas to electricity procedure. http//www.atsdr.cdc.gov/hac/landfill/html/ch5.html This development of a methane works is portion of the Gas-to-Electricity undertaking that has been initiated around the universe. It involves capturing the LFG ( Landfill Gas ) that is produced when the waste in the landfill site decomposes and interruptions down. LFG is composed of 50 % Methane which is so extracted and used as a fuel in order to make electricity. The extra gas is flared in order to extinguish it. In order to see the above undertaking, one needs to maintain in head that there are restraints placed upon merely how many accommodations can be made. These restraints require the landfill to subject to the Torahs and ordinances set by the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism in South Africa. In order to measure this possibility, one needs to compare the New England Road Landfill Site to the others is South Africa that have successfully implemented this undertaking. The chief comparings will take topographic point between the New England Landfill Site and the 3 late implemented Methane workss in Durban, viz. on the Bisasar Road, La Mercy and Mariannhill Sites. 2. LANDFILL CRITERIA In order for a undertaking of this nature to be approved, it needs to be considered by the South African Designated National Authority ( DNA ) harmonizing to ‘Regulations under Section 25 ( 3 ) of the National Environmental Management Act: Constitution of a Designated National Authority for the Clean Development Mechanism ‘ ( GN.R 1478 of 24 December 2004 ) . 2.1 Laws and Regulations A landfill besides has to run into certain standards in order for it to be permitted to run. There are Torahs and ordinances set in topographic point which a landfill site must conform to- and have a license turn outing this- in order to be allowed to run and are as follows: A Landfill Site has a capacity of less than 100A 000 metric tons does NOT necessitate a system whereby the Landfill gas ( LFG ) is captured and managed Monitoring of the concentration of the LFG gas in the dirt. It can non transcend 1 % Adequate and efficient airing systems if the Methane concentration exceeds 5 % The wellness and health of worlds, workss and animate beings can non be compromised 2.2 Waste Management Second, there are the waste direction standards which deal with the purpose and purposes of a landfill: Reduce waste Reuse waste and Recycle waste 2.3 Environmental and Socio-economic Factors Last, there are standards with respects to the existent edifice, geological site and care of the landfill. These are: Environmental factors Economic Impacts Socio-economic factors Looking at the Environmental, Economic and Socio-economic factors, one is able to judge whether or non the New England Road Landfill site can implement and pull off a methane works on it ‘s site. 3. Environmental FACTORS 3.1 Size The size of the landfill plays a large function in the limitations it places on the sum of ‘upgrades ‘ that it can suit. The New England Road Landfill Site is little in graduated table when compared to landfills such as Mariannhill in Durban or Goudkoppies in Johannesburg. New England Road has an consumption of a few hundred dozenss less than the above two listed sites, doing it comparatively little in size. Not merely does the Landfill need to suit the Methane works itself, but it besides needs to hold the capacity to hold the following installed on it in order for the operation to run: Extraction Wellss Gas aggregation grapevines Gas extraction works Flare units LFG Generators Electricity connexion, transformers and overseas telegrams 3.2 Situation New England Road Landfill Site is situated near the N3 Highway doing it easy accessible to those going from anyplace within the metropolis. It is besides, nevertheless, in the suburb of Hayfields and is hence in really close propinquity to a residential country. This limits the extensions that can be added to the site as people live in that country and demand to therefore, as it is stated in the Torahs sing landfills, be considered. When this site is compared with that of the Mariannhill site, 20km from the Durban CBD, and the La Mercy site, 35km North of Durban, one can see that they are in countries which are far from that of residential places and hence are non capable to the restrictions of the size and wellness hazard as that of New England Road ‘s state of affairs. New England Road Pietermaritzburg Golf Club New England Road Landfill Site N3 Highway Figure 2: Size and Positioning of the New England Landfill Site Google Maps: New England Rd Pietermaritzburg: hypertext transfer protocol: //maps.google.co.za/maps? hl=en A ; tab=wl 3.3 Environmental Impacts on Plant and Animal Life Because of the country that the New England Site is in, there is non that great a menace to the lives of animate beings and workss. It is non similar, in other instances, a wood is cleared in order to let for a landfill site to be developed. The one menace nevertheless, is that the landfill site could, if it encroaches excessively close to the residential country, have an impact of the workss maintained by occupants in their gardens and domestic animate beings. These jobs may originate from hapless air quality, dust and/or acid rain due to the landfill site being within the country. 3.4 Global Warming The induction of a Methane works at a landfill site has great benefits for planetary heating as, by utilizing this as a method of bring forthing electricity, it is considered a ‘green ‘ fuel as it is non impacting the environment in a negative manner. By utilizing a Methane works, one would in fact be profiting the environment as the LFG, if non eliminated, contributes greatly to planetary heating. The Methane is used to bring forth electricity, hence diminishing the demand for huge sums of fossil fuels ( which, when combusted produce emanations that contribute towards planetary heating ) and the unneeded gas is flared so as to non negatively impact the environment and atmosphere. The 3 Durban workss entirely are leting a lessening in South Africa ‘s CO2 emanations by 12A 000 metric tons and cut downing the sum of coal used by 80A 000 metric tons a twelvemonth. 4. ECONOMIC Impact 4.1 Cost of Undertaking There is a high cost involved in edifice and keeping a Methane works. The Durban Methane undertaking, which involved developing these workss at 3 different landfill sites, cost R100 million, which was borrowed from different Bankss and patrons. Part of this cost is non merely for the Methane works itself, but the supernumeraries which are needed in order for this undertaking to run as listed under 3.1 Size. This is a big and clip consuming operation. The New England Road Landfill Management have planned to implement pipes in the site for many old ages now, but no action seems to hold been taken sing this. This is due to the Municipal Finance Management Act rendering the undertaking unviable due to the stamp demands ( Witness Reporter, The Witness Newspaper, Page 11, June 7 2010 ) . 4.2 Net income The net income that would be made from the execution of this undertaking is huge. There would be a big sum of electricity produced from one landfill site, for illustration the three Durban Methane workss produce a combined sum of 10A 000 kWs per twelvemonth. It has been estimated that this will bring forth an income of R4.5million a month due to the gross revenues of the electricity and C credits. It is believed that some of the landfills in South Africa have the possible to bring forth 12 000 megawatts per twelvemonth, cut downing CO2 emanations and assisting to better South Africa ‘s place as one of the biggest Carbon dioxide emitters in the universe, despite being a 3rd universe state. 5. SOCIO-ECONOMIC Factor 5.1 Health Populating in an country near a landfill has had effects such as: Fatigue Concerns Sleepiness Allergies such has hayfever Respiratory jobs such as asthma There have besides been links to low birth weight, birth defects and certain types of malignant neoplastic diseases such as vesica malignant neoplastic disease and leukaemia. These nevertheless have non been proven as yet and are simply tendencies that have been noticed more and more by physicians with patients who live in close propinquity to a landfill site. If a Methane works is implemented, it would intend an addition in the figure of people who make usage of the landfill site on a day-to-day footing. This would hold a direct consequence to the supra listed wellness effects as the dust and emanations produced from vehicles would increase and do the above effects more terrible. 5.2 Aestheticss The value of residential belongings within the locality of a landfill site lessenings. It makes the part less appealing as residential places could be looking upon an unsightly landfill site. There is besides a bad odor due to the decomposing waste which adds another unwanted factor to a residential country. 5.3 Employment and Job Creation The execution of a Methane works would intend an addition in the figure of occupations provided by the landfill site. There would be a demand for more people to pull off and run the site as it would hold many more people doing usage of the site and will therefore necessitate more aid in order to run the works itself. The lone ruin nevertheless, is that most of the prospective employees will hold to hold achieved a certain degree of instruction as they will necessitate to be taught how to run the works, as it is a specialised undertaking. 6. WASTE MANAGEMENT In order to let for the maximal potency of methane production at a landfill site, recycling is indispensable. The bulk of waste merchandises that are reclaimable are non biodegradable and hence do non lend to the production of methane ( and hence do non lend to the sum of LFG produced in the landfill ) . This means that these waste merchandises are simply taking up infinite that should basically be used for waste that will interrupt down in order to bring forth the maximal possible sum of LFG which will guarantee maximal production of electricity ( therefore increasing the net income earned by these gross revenues ) . The chief reclaimable merchandises: Glass Paper Plastics Metallic element Figure 3: Family Waste hypertext transfer protocol: //www.rise.org.au/info/Res/waste/index.html The nutrient and kitchen and green waste produced makes up the bulk of waste in a family. This waste can be recycled by being composted, alternatively of being dumped at a landfill site. The organic affair can besides be composted along with this. The glass, paper, metal and plastic signifier the waste that needs to be recycled. This so leaves really small waste from the family which will come in the landfill site. This will increase the life span of the landfill site and do the production of LFG more effectual as all the unneeded merchandises are no longer in the landfill and so decomposition will go on expeditiously. Figure 4: Graph to demo the sum of waste produced by different states. Self Generated Figure 5: Graph to demo the figure of landfills in different states. Self Generated As can be seen from the above graphs, South Africa does non bring forth excessively much waste when compared to the other states as it is graded 4th. We can see though that China, the highest waste manufacturer, has the lowest figure of landfills. This is because China manages waste really good. They have a rigorous recycling plan in topographic point and do certain that their landfills are utilized expeditiously and efficaciously. They besides do non hold plenty landfill sites to get by with the sum of waste they produce and so one time can see that non all the waste is traveling to their limited landfill sites. Alternatively, they have Methane workss that use the waste in order to bring forth elecrticity hence bettering their waste direction and bring forthing something of usage out of waste. 7. Evaluation One can see that the New England Road Landfill Site can non implement a Methane works. There are excessively many bounds created by the Torahs and ordinances and if one was to implement this undertaking, the license needed in order for the landfill to run would be confiscated as there are excessively many hazards involved. The landfill does non suit the standards involved concerning: 1. Size 2. Situation 3. Cost 4. Health 5. Aestheticss It is hence non feasible to see a Methane works at this landfill site as, besides it non conforming to the Torahs and ordinances if one were in topographic point, it is an unlikely venture because of factors such as the cost involved. 8. Proposal Alternatively of presenting a Methane works to the New England Landfill Site, one can see that the Pietermaritzburg occupants ( and those that utilize the New England Road Landfill Site ) need to set a stricter recycling government into topographic point. There were efforts to get down this undertaking in suburbs such as Athlone, Montrose and Wembley but this inaugural seems to hold lost drift. A recycling program would therefore guarantee an increased life span of the New England Landfill Site ( as it is already limited ) and would intend that money is saved through recycling. In the hereafter, a construct of holding merely the Methane grapevine installed into the New England Site could be considered. This would affect the LFG being collected and stored and so leting it to be transported to a Methane works at a different location so that the gas can so be used to bring forth electricity. Word Count: 2773 How to cite Should Pietermaritzburg Have A Methane Plant Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

‘Slavery in the Chocolate Industry’ Essay Example For Students

‘Slavery in the Chocolate Industry’ Essay ? Question 1: What are the systemic, corporate and individual ethical issues raised by this case? The article Slavery in the Chocolate Industry (Velasquez, 2012) is about child slavery in cocoa plantations in West Africa. Slavery in the chocolate industry case has systemic, corporate and individual ethical issues. First, from the point of systemic ethical issue, economic system should be taken into consideration. The price of cocoa beans had declined since 1996, which urged farmers to think about operate slavery to reduce the working costs. There is another systemic issue relates to the statutory aspect of slavery in the chocolate industry. Slavery is illegal on farms in the Ivory Coast but the law is rarely enforced, as it seems. (Kuski, 2012) The next point is corporate ethical issue by the case. Middlemen who grind and process cocoa beans they acquire and collect these with their own Trucks from the Ivory Coast and sell the product to manufacturers. That means the middlemen are conscious of the slavery labor problem. After the media attention since the British television company True Vision and antislavery group activities, U. S. Senator Tom Harkin and U. S. representative Eliot Engel, the members of the Chocolate Manufacturers Association and the World Cocoa Foundation, together with human rights groups and the Ivory Coast signed narrative of Cooperation. But the problem is they cannot control over anything because there are more than a million cocoa farms, most of them family farms and they located in rural regions in Africa. Lastly, there are some individual ethical issues whereby the Cocoa farmers are affected the most of the issue because it is illegal to use child slavery labor. The International labor Organization (ILO) termed forced labor as: â€Å"All work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of a penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily†. Also it is immorally wrong to take someone unwillingly. Another issue is the consumers who know the problem. That means us. Even if we know the companies names involved in this case we continue to buy and to consume or Chocolate Consumers aren’t kept so far removed from the Cocoa slavery issue that they are unaware or even be ignorant of the mentioned issue- so they have no apologize. Question 2: In your view is the kind of child slavery discussed in this case absolutely wrong no matter what or is it only relatively wrong i. e. if one happens to live in a society like ours that disapproves of Slavery? In the1979’s draft articles on State Responsibility, the International Law Commission suggested that state acts are international crimes if they seriously breach international peace, deny people the right of self-determination, or fail to guarantee human life and dignity (e. g. , slavery, genocide, and apartheid). Other breaches, according to the Draft Articles, are international torts. (International Law Commission Draft Articles, 1979) In my opinion, child slavery is completely wrong. Why should I force someone to work who would not want to do? Certainly the farmers are under some pressure as the prices of beans are seemingly pressed repeatedly. The trading price of cocoa is one of the most unpredictable ones. The price is determined by multiplying the bean price by a ratio of cocoa powder and cocoa butter. If the ratio falls below a certain number, than the production of cocoa generates a very low profit. It is these low profits and risky circumstances that lead farmers to buy children and use slave labor, rather than paying a fair price. (Zetterstrom, 2006) They also need to make meet an end- they may also have a family at home who have to be fed. On the other hand, one could, as the Geneva-based International Cocoa Initiative (a partnership between industry, civil society and labor groups) think, that child labor is largely a consequence of unsatisfactory school access and poverty. Laura Burke, 2012) So are the children assumed they had the blame for their enslavement, and get even more an accommodation by the farmers and work-a task in life? Slavery is absolutely wrong would certainly say all people from the West, including me, because we hold personal freedom as a right. In countries where there is a high child death rate due to poverty, and starvation, living as a slave could be s een as a preferable option compared to death or living on the street-if they did not get as in this case, better housing and better treatment. Everyone depends on everyone. .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d , .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d .postImageUrl , .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d , .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d:hover , .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d:visited , .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d:active { border:0!important; } .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d:active , .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf20db9fa6b9933ab8dd1b1c6ad4d9c5d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gender socialization EssayIt is in the true sense of the word a vicious circle, of which is truly difficult to come out. As the farmer can live without feeling guilty, thats a good question. They do not have the right to mistreat people due to standing under pressure to have enough money. My opinion is that the major moral issue here is the treatment of the boys. Question 3: Who shares in the moral responsibility for the slavery occurring in the Chocolate industry? The term Morality deals with the norms, values and beliefs in social processes which describe right and wrong for everyone. Crane Matten, 2010) I believe all farmers, government, American chocolate Companies, D istributors, and Consumers share the moral responsibility in this case. All of them contribute to the continuation and practice of slavery. But the groups that can drive the greatest change to eliminate the use of slavery to harvest cocoa bean are the American Chocolate Companies, Distributors and Consumer who drive the prices for Chocolate. So the moral responsibility comes from the top. They are the string puller and the others are all their puppets, dance in that way they want them to dance. To carry moral obligation is not easy when it concerns slavery. How can the leaders of major corporations just stand back? Maybe they have a son the same age sitting at home. The large corporations seemingly hide themselves from any emotional obligations/bonds and follow the consumer society. African families think about voluntarily to send their children to such farms, so that money comes into the fund. One example is Yao, who was sent by his own father for hard work. I was living in Bouake with my grandmother, Yao Kouassi said. But my father sent me here to work. I have not seen my family for three years. (Humphrey Hawksley, 2011) So he had even been at a family place, from which he was expelled. That conduct shows a complicity of the African families. We as consumers should possibly think about us about informing us about the origin of the food we eat. Question 4: Consider the Bill that Representive Engle and Senator Harkin attempted to enact into a law, but which never became a law because of the lobbying efforts of the chocolate companies. What does this incident show about the view that â€Å"to be ethical it is enough for businesspeople to follow the law†? Although the bill would come through, that large corporations would probably only agreed on account of the law and not because of any ethical backgrounds. If they would provide their malfunction, they would have agreed with the first filing of the bill. This procrastination is an unethical way of thinking. So, is it sufficient that businesspeople act only according to the law and ethical matters may be hidden? In my opinion, every company goes down the tubes when it thinks only of money and leave ethical things out respectively favor profits than the ethical doings. (Parkhe, 2013) Ethic programs are mentioned in many companies compliance. They focus is on the employees duty to comply with laws and organizational codes. Often this results in a setting that makes you just what you have to do and also staying away from trouble. These attitudes and behavior disregards the ethical implications of the conduct and standards of conduct treats as mere obstacles to be overcome or avoided. So that means compliance stands for things that I have to do and ethics of what I could do. â€Å"The area of discretion between the legal â€Å"must† and the moral â€Å"should† presents challenges to our ethical consciousness. That is why there is a difference between what we have a right to do and what is right to do. † (Josephson Institute, 2010) If one uses the German pharmaceutical company Merck as a practical example you can see that for some companies also ethics can come first. .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f , .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f .postImageUrl , .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f , .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f:hover , .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f:visited , .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f:active { border:0!important; } .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f:active , .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5bcc3b62adde475882d04d492ffea75f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Plot Essay SummaryMany companies put profit ahead of ethics, as in the article the chocolate factories have done. The managers of Merck have spent several hundred million dollars on the introduction of a product, even though they knew that it will not be promising profitable. They felt they had an ethical obligation to make its potentially great benefits available to people. (Velasquez, 2006, p7) Other people as Milton Friedman put profit over ethics: â€Å"The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits†. (Friedman, 1970, p. 2) On the other hand some large companies, such as Starbucks, Amazon and American Express followed that example and put ethic s first. (Kulikowski, 2012) You see, there are also global companies they act ethically. Unfortunately, the major chocolate manufacturers apparently think otherwise. Words: 1. 399 References Crane, A, and Matten, D (2010) Business Ethics, Oxford University Press: Oxford Forced Labour Convention No. 29 (1930) Convention concerning Forced or Compulsory Labour(Entry into force: 01 May 1932) Available

Lasting Effects of the European Renaissance How the Traditions Continue in Modern American Societ Essay Example

Lasting Effects of the European Renaissance: How the Traditions Continue in Modern American Societ Essay The European Renaissance, dating from the 15th through the 17th century, was a time of resounding changes in politics, art, science, religion, and understanding of humanity. The artists and great thinkers of this period, sought to reflect realism and logic   through their works. From this time period, ideas have flourished which still effect the very structures of American society today. The latent influence of the European Renaissance can still be seen in the continuing traditions seen in modern day art, economics, politics, and education.It is commonly believed that the Renaissance period began in the independent state republics of Italy and spread through the rest of Europe. With their inclination toward quasi-democratic political systems and a fundamental economic system which would later be seen as the advent of capitalism, the ideas that carried to the North, South, East, and West from cities such as Florence had an immense impact on not only the cultural and social tradition s of Europe but also the political and economic. With decimation of the population, due to the spread of the black plague throughout Europe, the traditional ideas and systems would thrown into an upheaval. The economic structure was heavily strained by a loss in population and consequently demand. Without a public to whom they could sell their wares, artisans and farmers suffered.The changes and hardship wrought by the plague allowed for an opening for new ideas to flourish. The middle-class began to be seen in the major cities of Europe, fueling the once-crippled economy. This new social structure has continued through the ages, just as the capitalism that supports it has also flourished. Though the category has more recently been delineated to lower-middle class, upper-middle class, and simply middle-class, the precedent of economic separations beyond upper and lower class was established and is now an ingrained part of American life. Not only is there still a definite class syste m, with a distinct separation between the rich and poor but as noted above in the categorization of different types of middle class, it has also become a part of the culture. How often is a character in a movie called â€Å"working class† or â€Å"blue collar†? Can mention be made in the news on any financial topic without reference to a â€Å"middle† â€Å"lower† or â€Å"upper class†? Economically, America remains as divided as Renaissance-era Europe.The beginnings of modern trade and exploration were seen with the advent of new navigational tools   and a better understanding of astronomy and science. With new trade routes established, Europe saw in influx of foreign goods such as spices and a spike in trade between the countries. This precursor to free trade, helped to enrich and build the economies. In Florence, the banking systems helped to maintain and regulate the growth of wealth operating not   unlike the modern banking system of savin gs and loan. The U.S.’s current economic system, based as it is on free enterprise and trade could not have grown into it’s current incarnate without these early developments. Much like today, trade was regulated by demand and new technology. The advent of the printing press made the printed word more accessible to the masses and increased exploration allowed for wider trade capabilities. This spread of knowledge can be likened to Internet in it’s ability to bring together the populace and help with the spread of new ideas. Most notable for the Renaissance is the spread of humanism which we can still see in the human interest side of journalism or even the more recent fascination of the American public with reality television. The Renaissance idea of realism is taken to a final extreme in the staged realism of such shows as Survivor and Big Brother. Realism has grown to become a novelty as much as an art form.Owing to the tragedy of the plague, people began to r eflect on their own mortality and to think beyond the church-backed philosophy of living for the hereafter. Europeans experienced a push for reform of the church in the form of such figures as Martin Luther and John Calvin. Calvin’s brand of Protestantism found itself imported to America with the settlers in New England. The puritanical traditions on which the U.S. was founded, directly resulted from the preceding reforms in Europe resulting from the Protestant Reformation and the growing religious persecution. There are still tendrils of this tradition within American society, where fundamental ideals still dominate public politics on subjects ranging from social policies involving homosexuality and censorship to education. Though no longer as censorious as it once was, the American government still exercises control over television and radio content through the FCC and the scientific community felt the restraints of religious influence in the ban on stem cell research enact ed by former president George W. Bush.The influences of the European Renaissance cannot be understated in the role it played on the future of education and through this the future of the continent and the Americas. Ancient Greek and Roman philosophy and political thought came to the forefront as works which had long been lost to Western society were once more introduced. Among these ideas was the idea of education for all; whereby during the Middle Ages only the upper class and royalty were privy to an education, these old-new ideals along with the previously noted invention of the printing press, spread literacy throughout Europe and along with it new ideas. These new ideas help found movements, and a growth of new philosophies. New ideas of democracy and a pull away from the monarchal traditions of many European countries reached a climax with the emigration of the first settlers to the   Americas and the eventual establishment of the United States.Art is most commonly associate d with the Renaissance period for good reason. Paintings and sculptures began to reflect the human form in a more natural and realistic state; while the subjects were largely religious the innovations of form and light, contrast all helped to contribute to the artistic traditions of the Renaissance. These same principles can be seen in not only contemporary art   but also photography, graphic design, architecture and cinematography. The images we see each day when walking down the street or watching commercials on TV was shaped by these basic principles.The new ideas of the European Renaissance grew to become the ideals which have shaped American society and thought. The innovations in science, art, politics, religion and education have all continued to grow from their original ideals established by Renaissance thinkers and artists. The very precepts on which American society was founded and continues to grow, namely that of democracy and capitalism, began with the changes in Euro pe during the 15th century. That these concepts continue to be modernized with the newest technologies is a testament to the innovative nature of that society and our own.ReferencesBrotton, J. (2006). The Renaissance: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press: Cambridge.

Free Essays on Marajuana

Marijuana Marijuana has been around for thousands of years. From 1804 when Napoleon discovered it in Egypt to Queen Victoria who used it for her menstrual cramps. However, it was introduced to the United States during the Industrial Age in 1876 by the king of Turkey. Supposedly this was the biggest pot party in the world until Woodstock in the 60's. Either way I chose to write about this topic because it interests me very much. I’ve done papers on the subject in favor of legalizing marijuana. You had mentioned that you know plenty of people who smoke marijuana and never have seen anyone become violent. I totally agree with you and have plenty of real life experiences to back it up. I wouldn’t say that I’m a pot head, but I do occasionally smoke marijuana. The reason I’m telling you this is because you told us to be honest with you and tell you real life experiences. My friends and I probably started smoking pot towards the end of high school. Most of my friends are anywhere from 23-28 years old now and not one of us has become violent or had it effect our lives. I know that just because my friends and I haven’t had any negative consequences from smoking pot, besides wigging out, it doesn’t speak for the rest of society. However, William Woodward of the American Medical Association says there is no evidence to back up pot as being a violent drug. I thought it was very interesting that Harry J. Anslinger and Hertz used false facts to allow the Government to put a stamp tax on Marijuana. A tax he knew would never allow the sale of marijuana because he used the same type of tax to ban the purchase of machine guns. Then the movie â€Å"Reefer Madness† comes out and is so over the top exaggerated. The FBI endorses it openings scenes. What the narrator says about the facts about marijuana are distorted, exaggerated, and just plain wrong. Anslinger demonized marijuana so effectively it was propaganda to the... Free Essays on Marajuana Free Essays on Marajuana Marijuana Marijuana has been around for thousands of years. From 1804 when Napoleon discovered it in Egypt to Queen Victoria who used it for her menstrual cramps. However, it was introduced to the United States during the Industrial Age in 1876 by the king of Turkey. Supposedly this was the biggest pot party in the world until Woodstock in the 60's. Either way I chose to write about this topic because it interests me very much. I’ve done papers on the subject in favor of legalizing marijuana. You had mentioned that you know plenty of people who smoke marijuana and never have seen anyone become violent. I totally agree with you and have plenty of real life experiences to back it up. I wouldn’t say that I’m a pot head, but I do occasionally smoke marijuana. The reason I’m telling you this is because you told us to be honest with you and tell you real life experiences. My friends and I probably started smoking pot towards the end of high school. Most of my friends are anywhere from 23-28 years old now and not one of us has become violent or had it effect our lives. I know that just because my friends and I haven’t had any negative consequences from smoking pot, besides wigging out, it doesn’t speak for the rest of society. However, William Woodward of the American Medical Association says there is no evidence to back up pot as being a violent drug. I thought it was very interesting that Harry J. Anslinger and Hertz used false facts to allow the Government to put a stamp tax on Marijuana. A tax he knew would never allow the sale of marijuana because he used the same type of tax to ban the purchase of machine guns. Then the movie â€Å"Reefer Madness† comes out and is so over the top exaggerated. The FBI endorses it openings scenes. What the narrator says about the facts about marijuana are distorted, exaggerated, and just plain wrong. Anslinger demonized marijuana so effectively it was propaganda to the...

UPS Invests Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

UPS Invests - Essay Example Many of these objectives are going to be attained by monitoring, fuel consumption which will mean that they will be able to use less fuel during their activities. Another thing that the company aims at by introducing the new technology is to encourage responsibility and accountability of their employees. With the new technology they will be able to monitor their activities throughout the world. There are a number of things that United Parcel Service is doing in the bid of embracing technology. They are fitting their delivery vans with sensors that enable them to collect data about the activities that these vans are involved in. For the data that is collected to be inclusive the sensors are installed various parts of the vehicles. The parts of the vehicles that are fitted with these sensors include: the brakes, engine boxes, and the accelerators. A combination of data collected from these parts can help in coming up with inclusive information on the performance of these vehicles. The data that they aim at collecting include information about the routes used by the vans, the amount of fuel consumed by the vans, and amount of time that the engines are left idle. Given that most of their parcel transportation takes place through air transport, they also aim at conserving flight fuel, moderating flight speed, and regulating the routes that are used by their flights. The sensors that are used by their trucks will also see to it that the consumption of fuel is minimized. Every morning the drivers are briefed on the data that was collected from the vehicle that they drive (Sobey, 2009). Apart from the briefing the company also offers advice to the drivers on things that they could do to make sure that their activities contributes to the sustainability of the company. There are a number of ways in which United Parcel Service will benefit from virtualization. The

Technology in criminal justice mangement Research Paper

Technology in criminal justice mangement - Research Paper Example DNA profiles are founded on non – coding DNA and do not disclose the details related to an individual’s physical appearance. This has been one of the major factors that have made such evidence acceptable (MCharek, 2008, p. 519). DNA profiling has achieved phenomenal success in criminal investigation. Moreover, this feature, in association with the major breakthroughs in the field of genetics has greatly enhanced the value of evidence based on DNA profiling. The present day DNA evidence is not restricted to identification, wherein trace evidence is compared with a suspect’s sample (MCharek, 2008, p. 519). As such, DNA profiling is much more and it has the capacity to generate information about the potential offender. One such development is the inference of visible traits, which is founded on racial classifications (MCharek, 2008, p. 519). By employing more sensitive methods that are based upon the Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in conjunction with multiplex marker kits, it has become possible to analyze minute and degenerated biological trace evidence. Furthermore, the volume of DNA profiles produced has increased drastically, due to the introduction of capillary DNA sequencing machines (MCharek, 2008, p. 520). These devices make it possible to achieve a much higher rate of processing samples. This increase has also been attributed to the compilation of DNA databanks, and the additional standardization of working procedures. However, these developments have created several new political and ethical problems (MCharek, 2008, p. 520). In addition, these issues can be classified as difficulties emerging from the use of DNA profiling as a tool for investigation. In the initial stages of the use of this new technology, DNA evidence had functioned as a technology enabling identification. The issue at that time was to determine whether a correlation could be established